Archive for September 2015

Documentary Examines Boot Camps for Media-Addicted Kids

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<i><b>The documentary “Web Junkie”, soon to be shown on PBS, examines Chinese children’s excessive use of computer games and may have relevance for American parents who have children who spend hours each day in front of a screen.<br>The film addresses the tragic effects on teens in China who have become addicted to video games and who play for dozens of hours without eating, sleeping, or using the bathroom. Some, writes Jane E. Brody of The New York Times, have come to see the real world as artificial.<br>Rehabilitation centers have been established to treat what Chinese doctors are calling a clinical disorder, where kids are confined sometimes for months, isolated from all media, and undergo therapy that is often draconian. None of these methods, so far, have been proven to be effective.<br>This addiction to media is not referred to as a clinical disorder in the US, but many American young people start at an early age to use technology to entertain themselves and spend more time on these devices than experts consider healthy. A Kaiser Family Foundation study in 2010 reported the average 8- to 10-year-old spends almost eight hours a day on varying media devices, and older children and teens spend more than 11 hours per day with media. Television use takes first place timewise, but computers, tablets, and cellphones follow closely.<br>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no exposure to any electronic media before the age of two because children of this age learn best by interaction with people. Older kids and teens should spend only one or two hours per day with entertainment media and then spend more free time outdoors, reading, doing hobbies, and using their imaginations in free play.<br>While some parents limit the time their children can spend in front of a TV or computer, two-thirds of kids surveyed in the Kaiser study reported their parents had no rules at all concerning time spent on media, writes Nicole Oran of the MedCity News.<br>“We’re throwing screens at children all day long, giving them distractions rather than teaching them how to self-soothe, to calm themselves down,” Catherine Steiner-Adair, a Harvard-affiliated clinical psychologist and author of “The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age” told The New York Times.<br>Spending so many hours in front of a screen can also cause a desensitization from violence and, at some point, can become a detriment to children’s learning abilities. Kids who see a lot of simulated violence can become less empathetic and may act out violently, according to Dimitri A. Christakis of the Seattle Children’s Research Institute.newsMax’s Sylvia Booth Hubbard references a statement made by Drew Altman, Ph.D., President and CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation:<br>“The amount of time young people spend with media has grown to where it’s even more than a full-time work week. When children are spending this much time doing anything, we need to understand how it’s affecting them – for good and bad.”<br>So, is the Chinese boot camp effective? Is it curing the affected kids? Should teens undergo this kind of treatment.</b></i></div>

Documentary Examines Boot Camps for Media-Addicted Kids

The documentary “Web Junkie”, soon to be shown on PBS, examines Chinese children’s excessive use of computer games and may have relevance...

Wearable Tech Responds to Brain Signals with Classroom Uses

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<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">This last week’s adaptive learning summit by the National Education Initiative showcased some interesting technology, including a piece of headgear that can “read’ the minds of students for a more immersive and effective learning experience.nish Sonwalkar is the chair of professional development at the MIT Club of Boston and CEO of a company named intellADAPT, writes Nichole Dobo of the Hechinger Report. He has created a working model of a headband that can read and respond to the brain’s electrical signals. He predicts that it will be ready for classroom use in two or three years and will cost about as much as a cheap laptop.</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">This would open up opportunities for teachers to adjust their teaching style in real time. For example, they can more effectively understand how engaged their students are, and measure which activities improve it.this sounds like the wave of the future, but it’s not a new idea. Technology that can respond directly to the brains of its users has been in the works for a few years.</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Toronto-based technology company InteraXon designed a similar headband that responds to the brain’s electrical signals, dubbing it Muse. The company was founded in 2007 and raised money for the project using Indiegogo. Muse uses EEG (electroencephalography) sensors to monitor brain activity and can use Bluetooth to send its information to any device that is compatible with its app.</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">With practice you can learn to manipulate your brainwave pattern, like flexing a muscle you’ve never used before.it sends those brainwaves to your smartphone or tablet showing you how well your brain is performing, and also translates your brainwaves into instructions to interact with content on your iOS or Android device.</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">So far, it has mainly been used to help users learn how to relieve stress based on stressed-out versus relaxed brain patterns, but can also be used to control simple appliances like turning a beer tap on and off.interaXon’s founder and CEO Ariel Garten is a “neuro-consultant.” Elijah Wolfson of Newsweek quoted Garten on the transition of the technology into the consumer market:</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">This is the first EEG device that’s really a consumer product, that’s designed for ease of use, and comes with an app that’s really meaningful.</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Once InteraXon improves the app’s ability to read Muse’s signals, plans include collecting data to improve healthcare, creating playlists based on mood, recommending breathing exercises for when you’re stressed, and integrating with dating websites based on your emotional responses to movies and music. In the future, this technology can be integrated with devices and smart homes, allowing for direct control of technology, according to Rachel Feltman of Quartz.</span></i></b><br />
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Wearable Tech Responds to Brain Signals with Classroom Uses

This last week’s adaptive learning summit by the National Education Initiative showcased some interesting technology, including a piece ...

Technology in Schools Not Boosting Achievement

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<i><b>A new report from the OECD shows that “moderate” technology use in the classroom can improve learning, but that too much screen time is linked with a decrease in performance.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>The report, entitled “Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection,” was released by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development who based the study on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results. The PISA tests are given to 60,000 15-year-olds in 32 countries and the data is used to analyze the school systems between nations.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>The report states that the implementation of technology is not an automatic achievement-booster:</b></i></div>
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<i><b>Limited use of computers at school may be better than no use at all, but levels of computer use above the current … average are associated with significantly poorer results.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>Put simply, ensuring that every child reaches a baseline level of proficiency in reading and mathematics seems to do more to create equal opportunities in a digital world than can be achieved by expanding or subsidizing access to high-tech devices and services.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>Moderation is key, writes Joy Resmovits in the Los Angeles Times. Students should use computers only for certain activities that really benefit from the addition of technology. Students who use computers for drills in school at least once a week score more than 20 points lower than students who don’t.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>OECD education director Andreas Schleicher suggested that how we view technology in the classroom should be re-evaluated:</b></i><i><b>s</b></i><b style="font-style: italic;">tudents who use computers very frequently in school don’t outperform students who use them moderately, even when we modify for social background.</b></div>
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<i><b>If you have 21st century technology added to 20th century classrooms, it might be unrelated and take opportunities away. Schools probably haven’t become good enough at the kind of pedagogies that use technology well.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>If it’s used on a smaller scale, which is more useful, it’s usually more interactive teaching. If you want students to become smarter than a smartphone you have to think about instructional methodology and learning environment.</b></i><i><b>we are quite disappointed by the findings in general. Bringing technologies to the classroom didn’t seem to be related to positive skills outcomes.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>According to a survey, students in OECD countries spent around 25 minutes online at school. Australia came in the highest with about 58 minutes, and South Korean students spent less than ten, reports Business Insider.</b></i><i><b>american students taking the PISA felt more comfortable answering questions from a keyboard. They scored better on the digital reading test than on paper, scoring slightly above average. The math test had similar results, with digital scores around the OECD average, and below average scores on the paper test.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>The group also administered a digital skills test dealing with navigating web pages, using browsers, and making charts on the computer, according to Arjun Kharpal of CNBC. The list top-performing countries (Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Canada, and Shanghai) closely mirrors the results of the organization’s 2012 print reading test, implying that basic and traditional skills are all one really needs to succeed in a digital environment.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>Students who spend six hours online every weekday were more likely to report feeling lonely at school and arriving late or skipping school in the two weeks before the test.</b></i></div>
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<i><b>In 2012, 96% of 15-year-olds in OECD countries said that they had a computer at home, but only 72% said that they use computers or tablets at school, Schleicher writes in a BBC piece. For some countries, the number was less than half.</b></i></div>
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Technology in Schools Not Boosting Achievement

A new report from the OECD shows that “moderate” technology use in the classroom can improve learning, but that too much screen time is l...

Jones Ousted as University of Mississippi Chancello

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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Students at the University of Mississippi are up in arms over the ousting of Chancellor Dan Jones, carrying red and white signs offering their support and asking classmates to sign a petition and attend a protest rally on campus.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>The sudden decision has been met with an outpouring of emotion from angry alumni and faculty as well.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>“This is a guy who was doing right in my eyes, and because he was doing right and standing up for what he believes in, he’s no longer allowed to be in that position,” said Chandler McKinley, a sophomore from Raleigh, N.C.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>The 12-member board came to the decision quickly in what is being called a “cowardly manner” by Sam R. Hall for The Clarion-Ledger.  No public announcement was made concerning the decision that was made only four days after Jones had returned to work following lymphoma treatment.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>A statement was made the day after the decision was handed down in which the board said that while they were pleased with his leadership skills, their concerns stemmed from a financial angle over the University of Mississippi Medical Center, which Jones also oversees.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Students on campus are angered by the decision, with many of them gathering together to form the grassroots movement “Students for Chancellor Jones,” the group in charge of the rally set to be held in an effort to get the board to overturn their decision.  Many appreciated his efforts to make the campus inclusive and lessen the racial climate once found to be controversial, writes Kayleigh Skinner for The Jackson Free Press.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>“Well, honestly, a lot of us are shocked,” said senior Phillip Waller. “This blindsided us. We couldn’t believe that a chancellor that has given so much to this university and made the university succeed in so many ways was unceremoniously dumped.”</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>A number of efforts to reverse the decision have been started on campus, including an online petition on change.org, which currently has over 7,000 signatures.  In addition, the faculty senate will be holding a vote concerning a resolution, and State Representative Steve Holland is at work to have a resolution passed in the Mississippi legislature.  About 60 students and faculty members attended the most recent IHL meeting in support of Jones.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>“Losing Dr. Jones’s presence on campus – I think there would be a general morose feeling on campus. It would be like we had lost, you know, a member of our family,” student Sarah Stewart said.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Similar rulings made concerning educational leaders in Virginia and Texas were both overturned due to pressure from students and faculty members.  However, the Board of Trustees for the Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning (IHL) does not seem to be considering a reversal.</i></span><br />
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Jones Ousted as University of Mississippi Chancello

Students at the University of Mississippi are up in arms over the ousting of Chancellor Dan Jones, carrying red and white signs offering t...

Data Shows US Kids Inadequately Hydrated

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Data shows that a broad cross-section of  kids ages 6 to 19 are not drinking any water as part of their daily fluid intake. In fact, a majority of children and teens are not drinking enough fluids in general and are walking around in a mildly dehydrated state, says a new study.</div>
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Postdoctoral researcher Erica Kenney at Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health and her colleagues retrieved information about children’s consumption of water from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) and published their findings last week in the American Journal of Public Health, writes Richard Harris for NPR.</div>
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At first, the Harvard study was based on the consumption of sugary drinks in schools and the ways in which kids could be steered to drinking water instead. After the study began, they found that children were not drinking much fluid at all and they wondered if that was creating problems.</div>
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The NHNES includes testing of urine that revealed whether the participants are hydrated. The report showed that more than half of the thousands of students studied between 2009 and 2012 were somewhat dehydrated.</div>
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“This doesn’t mean we’re saying kids are dropping like flies or that they’re very seriously dehydrated and need to go to the hospital or anything like that,” Kenney says. “But even mild dehydration can affect children’s fatigue levels, mood and possibly their ability to learn,” she says.</div>
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Kenny was concerned when the study showed many children drink no water at all and those who did drink water were not drinking very much of it. The Institute of Medicine says children and teenagers should be drinking around two to three quarts (48-72 oz.) of water daily, which includes water in food, juicy fruits, and vegetables, based on age, size and sex. Research suggests that adolescent boys normally need to drink more water than girls.</div>
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Some schools have had trouble providing tap water to students because of infrastructure with aging plumbing, along with concerns about lead in the water. Some schools offer bottled water, but it is an expensive solution and the mechanics of serving it are difficult.</div>
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“There’s a lot of research out there to suggest that even mild levels of dehydration are enough to impact cognitive functioning and mood in kids,” Kenney says.</div>
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Long-term and severe dehydration can result in serious health problems with circulation, metabolism, temperature regulation, and waste removal, but even mild levels of dehydration can lead to headaches, dry mouth, dizziness, irritability, increased heart rate, and poorer physical performance, writes Ashley Welch of CBS News.</div>
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Senior author Steven Gortmaker, a professor of the practice of health sociology, says the solution to this public health problem is simple: focus on helping children drink more water.</div>
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Robert Preidt, reporting for HealthDay, quotes an expert in in child health on the importance of hydration:</div>
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“Children can be more susceptible to dehydration than adults,” said Nancy Copperman, who directs public health initiatives at North Shore-LIJ Health System in Great Neck, N.Y.</div>
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That, “coupled with an already impaired hydration status, can have physiological problems such as [neurological] issues, increased demands on their kidneys and heat stroke,” she explained.</div>
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It could be that children do not ingest enough water while they are at school because they prefer not to use the bathrooms at school, possibly because of lack of privacy, embarrassment, or even bullying.</div>
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Copperman also suggested that water sent to school in students’ lunch boxes should be frozen so that is is cold when lunchtime rolls around. She adds that thirst is not a good indicator of the need for water, so parents should make sure kids have access to water throughout the day.</div>
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Also, water infused with fruit, cucumbers, or mint makes water more appealing to children.</div>
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Data Shows US Kids Inadequately Hydrated

Data shows that a broad cross-section of kids ages 6 to 19 are not drinking any water as part of their daily fluid intake. In fact, a ma...

Researchers Find Racial Bias in Treatment of Kids with Appendicitis

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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Researchers using a national survey data base from 2003 to 2010 found that black children with acute appendicitis, an extremely painful condition, were less likely than white children to get painkillers in the emergency room. And only about half of children of any race got painkillers even though it is common protocol to administer painkillers in cases of appendicitis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">“Black patients with moderate pain were less likely to receive any analgesia, and black patients with severe pain were less likely to be treated with opioids,” Dr. Monika Goyal of the Children’s National Health System in Washington and colleagues wrote in the Journal of the American Medical Association’s JAMA Pediatrics.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Why does this happen? It may be a combination of unwarranted fear of opioids and an unconscious bias against African-American kids, according to experts. Researchers believed that a study focused on appendicitis cases in general would be helpful, because medical experts broadly agree that the condition merits pain relief measures.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Of the kids in emergency rooms for appendicitis, only 57% received anything for their pain, and only 41% were given an opioid drug. Only 12% of black children were given an opioid for pain relief. Goyal wrote that the findings suggest that there are racial disparities in the administration of opioids to children with appendicitis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Furthermore, the findings suggest that clinicians are reacting to the pain of patients differently if they are black. And though clinicians recognize the pain equally across racial groups, they more often treat black patients with nonopioid analgesia, but treat white patients with opioid analgesia for the same type and amount of pain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Although in the past, painkillers were thought to mask symptoms important for diagnosing stomach pain, that mindset has evolved. There are also protocols to make sure that children who need to take opioids to control severe pain will not overdose or become dependent on the medication.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Goyal and his team used data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of almost a million respondents age 21 or younger who were diagnosed with appendicitis in an emergency room, according to Kathryn Doyle of Reuters.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">“It should also be noted that these data were collected between 2003 and 2010, so some of this information is over a decade old and one might hope that things would be different if the data were collected today,” said Dr. Eric W. Fleegler of Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School.fleegler’s colleague Dr. Neil Schechter, who coauthored an editorial published with the research, said it should be noted that all patients do not experience pain in the same way, with discomfort depending on the duration of symptoms and degree of inflammation. It is typical, however, to prescribe analgesics for appendicitis , said Fleegler and Schechter.                                     </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">“The bottom line with all of this is that pain matters, its treatment should be patient centered and individualized, and every patient should feel reassured that they will be treated equally,” Fleegler and Schechter told Reuters Health by email.they added that hospitals should be using national benchmarks to measure how they are doing compared to others nationwide. If there is more or less opioid use for a given condition, an education program for staff could be helpful.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Yasmin Tayag, reporting for Inverse, says that researchers had documented racial disparities related to waiting times, admission rates, and pain management before this study was completed. This, however, is the first time biased practices have been discovered towards children.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">A study, Racism and the Empathy for Pain on Our Skin, published in 2011 in Frontiers in Psychology found that white people do not feel the same level of empathy for physical pain in black people as they do for people of their own race.</span></div>

Researchers Find Racial Bias in Treatment of Kids with Appendicitis

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Columbia University

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Columbia University has revised its sexual assault misconduct policy to allow lawyers to attend a student’s hearing and/or disciplinary meeting.<br />
Students will also no longer be able to serve on hearing panels that determine whether a policy violation has occurred.  In their place will be three trained staff members chosen from a group of 12 student affairs administrators.  Students involved in the case will be allowed to bring a lawyer.  Those found guilty will need to complete an sexual assault class in order to remain a student at the school.<br />
Previous accusations will not be allowed in current proceedings unless that student was found guilty or is it “similar to the present allegation.”<br />
“Our goals underlying the new policy are principally these: to strengthen confidence in the university’s handling of reports of sexual assault and other gender-based misconduct, to ensure fairness for all parties involved, and to provide more assistance to students in need,” Columbia President Lee Bollinger said in an email to the student body. “The changes we’ve made also reflect recent guidance from the White House, the US Department of Education, and federal legislation, as well as our own community’s recommendations.”<br />
Earlier this year a case was filed against Columbia University for its inappropriate response to sexual assault cases by 23 students after Columbia student Anna Bahr published a story on Bwog, the campus news site, pertaining to a previous rape case in which a man, accused of sexually assaulting three women, was not punished and was allowed to remain on campus.<br />
According to Tyler Kingkade for The Huffington Post, students are claiming the new policies were put in place after administrators refused to meet with them concerning the previous policy earlier this summer.<br />
“We were explicitly told there would not be a policy review over the summer, even as we asked to be involved in conversations over the summer,” said Sejal Singh, a rising senior who pressured the university to disclose information on how students found responsible for sexual assault were punished.<br />
A small group of students met with the university president’s special adviser earlier this week, and was told of the new policy.  The students were not given a copy of the policy nor were they allowed to offer feedback.<br />
The new policy needed to be in place prior to the start of the school year per new regulations under the Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act, part of the Violence Against Women Act enacted in 2013.  Columbia spokesman Robert Hornsby said the university created many of the provisions “as a direct response to student concerns expressed during the last academic year through a series of formal and informal meetings.<br />
“Still, as the policy’s first page states, student comments and suggestions will be welcome throughout the school year,” Hornsby said.<br />
The University has added six staff members to its Office of Sexual Violence Response and increased training on the topic for incoming freshmen.  A larger support center on campus is also in the works.  However, the school will continue to update and improve the policy as it sees fit.<br />
- See more at: http://www.educationnews.org/higher-education/after-criticism-columbia-university-revamps-sexual-misconduct-policy/#sthash.zTPvmK97.dpuf

Columbia University

Columbia University has revised its sexual assault misconduct policy to allow lawyers to attend a student’s hearing and/or disciplinary ...

University of illinois

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<h4>
<i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></b></i><ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">An announcement from the University of Illinois reported a number of school policy violations made by several school administrators who used private emails to hide several pieces of correspondence from the public.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">One of the the administrators named is Chancellor Phyllis Wise, who resigned last week citing “external issues” that have “caused the institution to sway from important tasks at hand”. Wise said she will be stepping down from her position on August 12 with plans to resume her position as a member of staff, writes Ellie Bothwell for Times Higher Education.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In a statement published by the university, she said: “External issues have arisen over the past year that have distracted us from the important tasks at hand. I have concluded that these issues are diverting much needed energy and attention from our goals. I therefore believe the time is right for me to step aside.”</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">According to the statement, faculty members at the school used personal email accounts to discuss a number of matters including issues at the University of Medicine, as well as issues involving the reversal of a job offer to professor Steven Salaita and the hiring of felon James Kilgore, writes Abigale Svoboda for The Daily Illini.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The statement said that the University recently became aware of a number of emails sent by faculty members through personal accounts that had not been included in Freedom of Information Act requests that had been filed over the past year.  When the University became aware, they released emails totaling over 1,100 pages less than 24 hours after Wise announced her resignation.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">According to University spokesman Tom Hardy, the school became aware of the emails when a reference to checking “your other email” was found during a response to a Freedom of Information Act request.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Hardy went on to say that while Wise’s resignation is effective this Wednesday, it is not yet known if the other administrators will be punished or if the information held within the emails will ever be released to the public, reports Tyler Kingkade for The Huffington Post.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">It is expected that Wise will take a year off and then return to the school as a member of faculty in the School of Molecular and Cellular Biology.</span></b></i></li>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The university has seen a number of controversies arise over recent years, including allegations that athletes in three sports at the school had been mistreated, as well as a 2009 admissions scandal and a 2012 faculty issue that caused a number of top leaders to resign.</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><i><b><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">- See more at: http://www.educationnews.org/higher-education/personal-emails-hide-correspondence-at-university-of-illinois/#sthash.YHiH54nU.dpuf</span></b></i></li>
</ul>
</h4>

University of illinois

An announcement from the University of Illinois reported a number of school policy violations made by several school administrators who ...